Yes, We Can Provide Evidence of Something That Exists Outside of Time and Space

Providing evidence for a being or object existing "outside of space and time" requires shifting the definition of evidence from physical observation (which by definition requires space and time) to explanatory necessity or logical inference.

In philosophy and theoretical physics, there are several robust candidates for things that exist independently of the spatiotemporal grid.

1. Mathematical Entities (Platonism)

The most common objects cited as existing outside of space and time are numbers and sets. This view, known as Mathematical Platonism, suggests that mathematical truths are discovered, not invented.

• The Argument: Consider the prime number 7. It does not have a physical location (you cannot find it in Orlando or at the center of a star), it has no mass, and it does not change over time. If every human died and the universe collapsed, the mathematical relationship 3 + 4 = 7 would still be "true."

• The Evidence (Indispensability): The Quine-Putnam Indispensability Argument posits that because mathematics is indispensable to our best scientific theories (which describe the physical world), we must be ontologically committed to the existence of mathematical entities. If the math is "real" enough to build a bridge or a GPS satellite, but has no physical coordinates, it exists non-spatially.

2. The Laws of Logic

The laws of logic (such as the Law of Non-Contradiction: are often viewed as metaphysically necessary.

• The Argument: Logic governs the structure of any possible world. Even if a universe had no space or time, it would still be impossible for something to both "be" and "not be" in the same sense at the same time.

• The Evidence: These laws are not made of matter or energy, and they do not happen at a specific time. Rather, they are the preconditions for anything to happen at all. They are the "rules of the game" that exist independently of the players (matter and energy).

3. Abstract Propositions

In linguistics and philosophy, a proposition is the underlying meaning of a statement, distinct from the physical sounds or ink used to express it.

• Example: The sentence or proposition "The cat is on the mat" describes a physical event in space-time.

• The Evidence: That meaning has no weight, no length, and doesn't "decay." It is an abstract object that remains true regardless of the physical state of the paper it is written on.

4. Quantum Gravity (Emergent Spacetime)

In modern theoretical physics, many researchers believe that space and time are not fundamental, but emergent.

• The Theory: Models like Loop Quantum Gravity or M-Theory suggest that at a sufficiently small scale (the Planck scale), the concepts of "here" and "now" break down into a "spin foam" or a deeper non-spatiotemporal structure.

• The Evidence: If spacetime emerges from a more fundamental layer, then that fundamental layer exists outside (or prior to) the 4D spacetime we inhabit. In this framework, the object is the fundamental quantum state that gives rise to the illusion of space and time.

A Note on Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE): 

Much like we infer the existence of dark matter not because we see it, but because it is the best explanation for the movement of galaxies, philosophers infer the existence of non-spatial entities (like God or abstract objects) because they provide the best explanation for the existence of a contingent, rational, and mathematically ordered universe.